Features:
1. Installation and layout advantages

    Save PCB vertical space: components are installed upright, suitable for high-density wiring.

    Pin spacing standard: standardized spacing (2.54mm, 5.08mm, etc.), suitable for automatic insertion machines.

    Better heat dissipation: The upright structure facilitates air circulation, and heat dissipation is superior to surface mount or axial design.
2. Electrical characteristics (vary by type)

    Aluminum electrolysis type: large capacity (1 μ F~tens of thousands of μ F), moderate voltage resistance, polarity, low cost, but high ESR and average high-frequency characteristics.

    Thin film type: non-polar, low loss (DF), good stability, high voltage resistance, suitable for high-frequency and AC circuits.

    Ceramic type: small volume, excellent high-frequency characteristics, high stability (such as C0G).
3. Machinery and Technology

    High mechanical strength: The direct insertion welding is firm, and the seismic resistance is better than that of surface mount components.

    Easy maintenance: convenient for manual welding and replacement.
    Complete specifications: covering from extremely small capacity to ultra large capacity, with a wide voltage range.

Applications：
1. Power circuit: rectification and filtering, smoothing ripple, energy storage (computer motherboard, adapter, charger).
2. Signal circuit: coupling/isolation, bypass/decoupling, RC timing (audio, home appliance control board).
3. Industry and Automotive: Industrial power supply, frequency converter, automotive ECU, OBC car charger.
4. Consumer electronics: motherboards for traditional household appliances such as televisions, refrigerators, and air conditioners.