Signal Chain is a complete path and functional module combination in electronic systems that collects, amplifies, filters, and converts analog signals (such as temperature, sound, and light) from the physical world, and finally transmits them to the digital system (MCU/CPU) for processing. It is a "bridge" that connects the real and digital worlds.
Features:
1. High precision and low noise
Processing weak signals at the μ V/nV level requires extremely low offset voltage, low drift, and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR).
2. High linearity
Signal amplification/conversion without distortion ensures measurement accuracy.
3. Wide Dynamic Range
Adapt to large-span inputs ranging from weak to strong signals.
4. Strong anti-interference ability
High common mode rejection ratio (CMRR) and power supply rejection ratio (PSRR), suitable for harsh industrial/medical environments.
5. Integration trend
Moving from discrete devices to single-chip AFE, reducing size, simplifying design, and improving reliability.
6. Bidirectionality
Acquisition (analog → digital) and driving (digital → analog) bidirectional link.
Applications：
1. Industrial automation
Process: Thermocouple/pressure sensor → Instrument amplifier → Low pass filtering → High precision ADC → PLC/DCS → Control actuator
Products: PLC, frequency converter, instrumentation, 4-20mA current loop
2. Medical Electronics
ECG/ECG: electrodes → low-noise instrumentation amplifier → high pass/50Hz notch → ADC → processor → display/alarm
Products: Monitor, Oximeter, Ultrasound MRI
3. Consumer Electronics and Communication
Audio: microphone → preamplifier → anti aliasing filter → ADC → DSP → DAC → amplifier → speaker
RF: antenna → LNA (low noise amplifier) → mixing/filtering → ADC → baseband processing
Products: Mobile phones, TWS earphones, base stations, WiFi/Bluetooth
4. Automotive Electronics
Applications: Battery Management System (BMS), Radar, Camera, Vehicle Sensor
Process: Current/Voltage Sampling → Isolation Amplification → ADC → MCU → Control/Protection
5. Testing and measurement
Products: Oscilloscope, Multimeter, Spectrometer, Data Acquisition Device (DAQ)
Core: High speed, high precision, high linearity ADC and signal conditioning
